Article Document Information Content Entity Continuant Continuant Entity Entity Review Generically Dependent Continuant 2025-06-23T23:36:06 RDF description of Discussion of surgical indications: the black, white, and gray [review] - http://repository.healthpartners.com/individual/document-rn38462 Discussion of surgical indications: the black, white, and gray [review] review Orthopedics 38 document-rn38462 Injuries 23713 10.1097/bot.0000000000002918 <p>Chest wall trauma is rapidly evolving and now represents a multidisciplinary field with incredible growth in research and surgical intervention; however, even with more than 800 publications on chest wall trauma to date, surgical indications are not black and white. Injury patterns need to be better defined and outcome measurements need to evolve for accurate longer term functional assessment of patients if this field of surgery is to move beyond historical indications for operative intervention. This essay will communicate what is known about operative indications in a way that stratifies the need for surgery.<p> Surgery Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma 12 Suppl 2025-01-31T22:52:05.028-06:00 public 41046